Flaming prairies: when burning out is a good thing

prescribed burn photo courtesy of Vanderbilt UFire is a doozy of a maintenance regime; burning resets the sere (accumulation of habitat and other ecological factors that move a site from young to mature) with a starkness that can only be rivaled by hedgerows and coppice lots.  What had been land covered with grasses and/or trees and shrubs is reduced to ash, but this happens along a gradient.

Burns on generally cool days that are fed by very little debris and low winds, and mildly thwarted by relatively high soil moisture levels, tend to burn cool (for a fire.)  Burns on hot days that happen in forests that are filled with fallen trees and branches, and that are amped up by high wind velocities and low moisture levels can burn exceedingly hot.

These factors add up to temperature, and this makes a tremendous difference: a fire of 500° F (260° C) will impress the heck out of you, me, and your newspaper, but very few (or no) tree canopies will bother to burn at that temperature- they are too moist.

A fire of over 1300° F (705°C), on the other hand, is hot enough to not only consume the canopy layer of a forest (making it a “topfire”), a significant amount of the organic content of the top layers of soil gets involved, too.  The Great Hinckley Fire of 1894 in Michigan burned so hot (estimates put it at +2000° F, or 1100° C) that Continue reading

Tracking the burn: prairie fire recovery, two weeks out

wild geese with the grass in their beaks

At the point of this pictures, it is nearly two weeks after that particular prairie maintenance fire.  This is as good as it gets for several weeks: the geese have come to eat the fresh shoots of grass, the ant hills are up, but the grass itself is still sparse enough that the robins and other critter eating birds are using the site as a hunting ground.

Next comes the eternal bummer: Continue reading

Tracking the Prairie Burn: a few days post fire

It takes only a few days after a maintenance burn for the prairie grasses to begin to return.  I suspect this is faster than if it was a wildfire: controlled burns should be a bit cooler because extra fuel (debris) has been removed and the fires are not set on really windy days or during droughts.

prairie burn fire maintenance landscape

I can’t tell from the clumps whether these are big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii)  or Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), but I do know Continue reading

Tracking the Prairie Burn: startling black smells like a campfire

I’ve been tracking a number of burned prairies around here.  Most of the burns I have access to this year are intentional; the prairie has been set on fire as a way of resetting the subtle sere of a grassland.

freshly burn prairie smells like a camp fire

It’s very refreshing in some ways, very startling in others.  To come upon a vast stretch of freshly burned prairie is to be shocked by the vividness of the color black, richly expressive and smelling deeply like all the best campfires you’ve ever been present for. Continue reading

In defense of dandelions: edible and medicinal weeds

I know, they are everywhere, they muck up your nice even lawn monoculture, and they’re disastrously hard to get rid of.  Dandelions are also excellent herbal medicine, a good vitamin and mineral packed spring and fall salad addition, a reasonable coffee substitute, and a “hyper-accumulator” helping improve your soil.  You can even batter and fry the flowers.

Dandelions in Herbal Medicine

The botanical name for the common dandelion is Taraxacum officinale; that species name, officinale, was given to plants commonly used for Continue reading

Food forest dining: Linden flower tea

The various species of linden are some of my favorite trees.  Known alternately as tilia (the botanic name for the genus), linden (as in Berlin’s famous avenue, Unter den Linden), basswood (the lovely, smooth wood novice woodcarvers begin with), lime tree (source of the British nickname for sailors: “limeys”), and monkey-nuts, the flowers of these trees reek of decadent scent, a flavor that translates into a marvelous cup of herbal tea.

linden flowers for tea

The leaves are the dark green, the bracts are the yellow-green, and the flower buds are the little dots the arrow is pointing to.

Linden flowers will be out soon, and already the tell-tale bracts are appearing in the trees.  When the flowers appear (if they are at all in reach, the scent should cue you to look for them), add a handful to a cup of hot water and let them steep for a while.

Not only is the resulting brew an Continue reading

Eating in Season: Wilted Spinach and Strawberries

spinach salad with strawberries apples pistachios easy fat freeThere’s a lovely new salad I’ve been introduced to, and knowing the general trajectory through my friendship circles I’m betting it’s a creation of Isa Chandra Moskowitz‘s, but I have no idea which of her cookbooks it’s in.

Anyway, the salad consists of wilted spinach (wash it, throw it still wet in a pan on medium-low heat, let the water turn to steam and wilt it.  2 minutes max), sliced strawberries, diced apples, and some pistachios.

Super tasty, very easy, fairly filling, no dressing needed (though a tiny spritz of orange juice wouldn’t ruin anything.)

The hitch?  I’m trying to figure out how Continue reading

Center and edge: size garden beds at the scale of the body

permaculture guilds zone 1

(From Innovation Diaries)

Garden design teaches landscape designers to work at the scale of the body.  Case in point: garden bed sizes are related to the fringe of the bed, not the center.  The two feet accessible from the garden path are the two that really count to gardeners.  Why?  Most folks can reach over about thirty inches (75 cm) to harvest something or prune something without getting too uncomfortable.  Beyond that, they have to step into the garden.

Center & Edge

For an edibles gardener, this is doubly true, to the point that many vegetable garden beds are essentially “all edge”.  Folks with back pain issues either need narrower garden beds or, better yet, raised garden beds.

With the edges consumed by annuals and edibles, the center is available for perennials, such as rosemary or a dwarf fruit tree- something that will grow unencumbered, something that will need neither babying nor harassment.

Here’s my old backyard in DC on a sunny winter day:  the garden Continue reading

Wild edibles update: Poke Sallet season is O.V.E.R.

As soon as the stem turns red, that's it. It's over.

Pokeweed, poke, inkberry, scoke… this weed has a dozen different names.  You likely know it best by the late summer dark purple berries that stain anything and everything (you can even mix-up some fingerpaints out of these berries).  It’s also one of the more legendary wild edibles: poke sallet (pokeweed salad) was (and in some places still is) a staple of spring in the Appalachian diet.

But poke is not legendary for flavor, (which is a bit like asparagus).  Poke is legendary for poison.  In general, I’m a big fan of folks learning about wild edibles and Continue reading

“Wild” berries: planning my urban foraging route

It’s not summer yet, but I’m getting ready for this summer’s wild berries already by paying attention to the blooms.  Right now, in the thick of the floral largess of shedding winter, I’m watching on my walks- both in the woods and around town- for the blooms that spell berries on the way.

Here are several berries to note:

Serviceberries a.k.a shadblow or juneberry

Serviceberry- white, snowy blooms, each about the size of a thumbnail, loosely on the tree rather than packed in.  The bark has a tendency to look like it has a subtle pattern of medium dark and dark dark grey vertical pin stripes running up and down the trunk.  Landscape designers like to plant multi-stemmed specimens of this, though I’ve seen single trunked ones in the woods.

Ripe in June, these taste like blueberries with no-quite-pits.  The darker the berry, the sweeter, but you’ll have to race the birds.  The harvest time on these is short, so they are amongst my favorites to Continue reading